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10 September 2009

nyaman tapi boros

Jenis motor skuter matik/bebek matik atau skuter bebek bertransmisi automatic di Indonesia ada beberapa jenis, diantaranya merk Kymco yang pertama kali mencoba pasaran skutik di Indonesia, Yamaha dengan Mio dan Nouvo, Honda dengan varian Vario dan Beat, juga Suzuki dengan Spin, Skywave, dan Skydrive.

Kenyamanan yang sangat terasa apalagi bila di gunakan di kota-kota besar yang mana kemacetan tidak bisa dihindari. namun semuanya itu perlu ditebus dengan bahan bakar yang sedikit lebih boros di banding motor bebek pada umumnya.

Kenapa motor ini lebih boros..? dibawah ini ada sedikit penjelasan yang dikutip dari berbagai sumber.

Karakter mesin motor bertransmisi CVT (Continuos Variable Transmission), berbeda dari motor jenis lain. Ambil contoh pada kondisi idle (langsam), putaran mesin skutik lebih tinggi dari bebek. Kalau skutik standarnya antara 1.500 - 1.700 rpm, sementara bebek cuma sekitar 750 rpm. Pada kondisi itu aja pemakaian BBM-nya jelas lebih banyak skutik.

Kenapa idle skutik harus setinggi itu? Biar oli mesin dapat di­sirkulasikan ke semua bagian mesin yang membutuhkan dengan baik. Sebab ku­rang dari putaran segitu, oli mesin ti­dak dapat tersalur cepat. Efeknya, akan mem­buat komponen bergerak dalam me­sin, terutama di kepala silinder cepat aus.

Penyebab boros lainnya, untuk mulai running saja skutik butuh putaran mesin yang agak tinggi. Umumnya sekitar 2.400-2.500 rpm, skutik baru mau jalan. Kalau bebek di 1.200 rpm saja udah bisa ngacir. Dengan kondisi seperti ini, sudah pasti pemakaian BBM skutik lebih banyak.

Intinya, di skutik tenaga yang dihasilkan lewat putaran kruk as hingga bisa memutar roda belakang lebih banyak terbuang dibanding motor bertransmisi girboks. Power lost terjadi mulai dari puli primer hingga puli sekunder. Belum lagi terjadi slip pada belt CVT dan kopling sentrifugal saat motor hendak dijalankan maupun ketika berakselerasi.

Jadi wajar bila lebih banyak pemakaian bahan bakar yang terbuang sia-sia. Selain itu, umumnya motor jenis skutik membutuhkan torsi yang besar di putaran bawah agar bisa berakselerasi dengan baik. Sehingga otomatis perlu pasokan bahan bakar yang juga tidak sedikit.

Maka dari itu, itulah sebabnya kenapa rata-rata motor skutik menggunakan karburator dengan diameter venturi lebih besar dibanding motor jenis lain bekapasitas mesin sama.

08 September 2009

The stories about Bonnie and Clyde.


The most American law wanted, bonnie and clyde, a pair of criminal. Bonnie Parker was born on October 1, 1910 in Rowena, Texas as the second of three children to Henry and Emma Parker. The family lived somewhat comfortably off Henry Parker's job as a bricklayer, but when he died unexpectedly in 1914, Emma Parker moved the family in with her mother in the small town of Cement City, Texas. Bonnie Parker was beautiful. She did well in school and loved to write poetry. Bored with her average life, Bonnie dropped out of school at age 16 and married Roy Thornton. The marriage wasn't a happy one and Roy began to spend a lot of time away from home by 1927. Two years later, Roy was caught for robbery and sentenced to five years in prison. They never divorced. While Roy was away, Bonnie worked as a waitress; however, she was out of a job just as the Great Depression was really getting started at the end of 1929.

Clyde Barrow was born on March 24, 1909 in Telico, Texas as the sixth of eight children to Henry and Cummie Barrow. Clyde's parents were tenant farmers, often not making enough money to feed their children. During the rough times, Clyde was frequently sent to live with other relatives. When Clyde was 12-years old, his parents gave up tenant farming and moved to West Dallas where Henry opened up a gas station. Clyde and his older brother, Marvin Ivan "Buck" Barrow, were often in trouble with the law for they were frequently stealing things like turkeys and cars. He had two serious girlfriends (Anne and Gladys) before he met Bonnie, but he never married.

In January 1930, Bonnie and Clyde met at a mutual friend's house. The attraction was instantaneous. A few weeks after they met, Clyde was sentenced to two years in prison for past crimes. Bonnie was devastated at his arrest. On March 11, 1930, Clyde escaped from jail, using the gun Bonnie had smuggled in to him. A week later he was recaptured and was then to serve a 14-year sentence in the notoriously brutal Eastham Prison Farm near Weldon, Texas.

On April 21, 1930, Clyde arrived at Eastham. Life was unbearable there for him and he became desperate to get out. Hoping that if he was physically incapacitated he might get transferred off of the Eastham farm, he asked a fellow prisoner to chop off some of his toes with an axe. Although the missing two toes did not get him transferred, Clyde was granted an early parole. After Clyde was released from Eastham on February 2, 1932 on crutches, he vowed that he would rather die than ever go back to that horrible place.

However, Clyde was released from prison during the Great Depression, when jobs were not easy to come by. Plus, Clyde had little experience holding down a real job. Not surprisingly, as soon as Clyde's foot had healed, he was once again robbing and stealing.

On one of Clyde's first robberies after he was released, Bonnie went with him. The plan was for the Barrow Gang to rob a hardware store. Although she stayed in the car during the robbery, Bonnie was captured and put in the Kaufman, Texas jail. She was later released for lack of evidence.

While Bonnie was in jail, Clyde and Raymond Hamilton staged another robbery at the end of April 1932. It was supposed to be an easy and quick robbery of a general store, but something went wrong and the store's owner, John Bucher, was shot and killed.

Bonnie now had a decision to make -- would she stay with Clyde and live a life with him on the run or would she leave him and start fresh? Bonnie knew that Clyde had vowed never to go back to prison. She knew that to stay with Clyde meant death to them both very soon. Yet, even with this knowledge, Bonnie decided that she could not leave Clyde and was to remain loyal to him to the end.

For the next two years, Bonne and Clyde drove and robbed across five states. They usually stayed close to the border to aid their getaway, using the fact that police at that time could not cross state borders to follow a criminal.

To help them avoid capture, Clyde would change cars frequently (by stealing a new one) and changed license plates even more frequently. Clyde also studied maps and had an uncanny knowledge of every back road. This aided them numerous times when escaping from a close encounter with the law.

What the law did not realize was that Bonnie and Clyde made frequent trips back to Dallas, Texas to see their families. Bonnie had a very close relationship with her mother, whom she insisted on seeing every couple of months, no matter how much danger that put them in. Clyde also would visit frequently with his mother and with his favorite sister, Nell. Visits with family nearly got them killed on several occasions.

Bonnie and Clyde had almost been on the run for a year when Clyde's brother Buck was released from Huntsville prison in March 1933. Although Bonnie and Clyde were being hunted by numerous law enforcement agencies, they decided to rent an apartment in Joplin, Missouri to have a reunion with Buck and Buck's wife, Blanche.

After two weeks of chatting, cooking, and playing cards, Clyde noticed two police cars pull up on April 13, 1933 and a shootout broke out. Blanche, terrified and losing her wits, ran out the front door while screaming.

Having killed one policeman and mortally wounding another, Bonnie, Clyde, Buck, and W.D. Jones made it to the garage, got into their car, and sped away. They picked up Blanche around the corner

Although the police did not capture Bonnie and Clyde that day, they found a treasure trove of information left in the apartment. Most notably, they found rolls of undeveloped film, which, once developed, revealed the now-famous images of Bonnie and Clyde in various poses, holding guns. Also in the apartment was Bonnie's first poem. The pictures, the poem, and their getaway, all made Bonnie and Clyde more famous.

Bonnie and Clyde continued driving, frequently changing cars, and trying to stay ahead of the law who were getting closer and closer to capturing them. Suddenly, in June 1933 near Wellington, Texas, they had an accident. As they were driving through Texas toward Oklahoma, Clyde realized too late that the bridge he was speeding toward had been closed for repairs. He swerved and the car went down an embankment. Clyde and W.D. Jones made it safely out of the car, but Bonnie remained trapped when the car caught on fire.

Clyde and W.D. could not free Bonnie by themselves; she escaped only with the aid of two local farmers who had stopped to help. Bonnie had been badly burned in the accident and she had a severe injury to one leg.

Being on the run meant no medical care. Bonnie's injuries were serious enough that her life was in danger. Clyde did the best he could to nurse Bonnie; he also enlisted the aid of Blanche and Billie (Bonnie's sister) as well. Bonnie did pull through, but her injuries added to the difficulty of being on the run.

About a month after the accident, Bonnie and Clyde (plus Buck, Blanche, and W.D. Jones) checked into two cabins at the Red Crown Tavern near Platte City, Missouri. On the night of July 19, 1933, police, having been tipped off by local citizens, surrounded the cabins. This time, the police were better armed and better prepared than during the fight at the apartment in Joplin. At 11 p.m., a policeman banged on one of the cabin doors. Blanche replied, "Just a minute. Let me get dressed." That gave Clyde enough time to pick up his Browning Automatic Rifle and start shooting.

When the police shot back, it was a massive fusillade. While the others took cover, Buck kept shooting until he was shot in the head. Clyde then gathered everyone up, including Buck, and made a charge for the garage. Once in the car, Clyde and his gang made their escape, with Clyde driving and W.D. Jones firing a machine gun. As the Barrow Gang roared off into the night, the police kept shooting and managed to shoot out two of the car's tires and shattered one of the car's windows. The shattered glass severely damaged one of Blanche's eyes.

Clyde drove through the night and all the next day, only stopping to change bandages and to change tires. When they reached Dexter, Iowa, Clyde and everyone else in the car needed to rest. They stopped at the Dexfield Park recreation area.

Unbeknownst to Bonnie and Clyde and the gang, the police had been alerted to their presence at the campsite by a local farmer who had found bloodied bandages. The local police gathered over a hundred police, National Guardsmen, vigilantes, and local farmers and surrounded the Barrow Gang. On the morning of July 24, 1933, Bonnie noticed the policemen closing in and screamed. This alerted Clyde and W.D. Jones to pick up their guns and start shooting.

So completely outnumbered, it is amazing that any of the Barrow Gang survived the onslaught. Buck, unable to move far, kept shooting. Buck was hit several times while Blanche stayed by his side. Clyde hopped into one of their two cars but he was then shot in the arm and crashed the car into a tree. Bonnie, Clyde, and W.D. Jones ended up running and then swimming across a river. As soon as he could, Clyde stole another car from a farm and drove them away.

Buck died from his wounds a few days after the shootout. Blanche was captured while still at Buck's side. Clyde had been shot four times and Bonnie had been hit by numerous buckshot pellets. W.D. Jones had also received a head wound. After the shootout, W.D. Jones took off from the group, never to return.

Bonnie and Clyde took several months to recuperate, but by November 1933, they were back out robbing and stealing. They now had to be extra careful for they realized that local citizens might now recognize them and turn them in, as they had done at the Red Crown Tavern and Dexfield Park. To avoid public scrutiny, they lived in their car, driving during the day and sleeping in it at night.

Also in November 1933, W.D. Jones was captured and began telling his story to the police. During their interrogations with Jones, the police learned of the close ties that Bonnie and Clyde had with their family. This gave the police a lead. By watching Bonnie and Clyde's families, the police were able to establish an ambush when Bonnie and Clyde tried to contact them. When the ambush on November 22, 1933 endangered the lives of Bonnie's mother, Emma Parker, and Clyde's mother, Cummie Barrow, Clyde became furious. He wanted to retaliate against the lawmen who had put their families in danger, but his family convinced him this would not be a good idea.

Rather than get revenge on the lawmen near Dallas who had threatened the lives of his family, Clyde took revenge on the Eastham Prison Farm. In January 1934, Bonnie and Clyde helped Clyde's old friend, Raymond Hamilton, break out of Eastham. During the escape, a guard was killed and several extra prisoners hopped into the car with Bonnie and Clyde.

One of these prisoners was Henry Methvin. After the other convicts eventually went their own way, including Raymond, Methvin stayed on with Bonnie and Clyde. The crime spree continued, including the brutal murder of two motorcycle cops, but the end was near. Methvin and his family were to play a role in Bonnie and Clyde's demise.

The police used their knowledge of Bonnie and Clyde to plan their next move. Realizing how tied to family Bonnie and Clyde had become, the police guessed that Bonnie, Clyde, and Henry were on their way to visit Iverson Methvin, Henry Methvin's father, in May 1934.

When police learned that Henry Methvin had accidentally become separated from Bonnie and Clyde on the evening of May 19, 1934, they realized this was their chance to set up an ambush. Since it was assumed that Bonnie and Clyde would search for Henry at his father's farm, the police planned an ambush along the road Bonnie and Clyde were expected to travel.

While waiting along Highway 154 between Sailes and Gibsland, Louisiana, the six lawmen who planned to ambush Bonnie and Clyde confiscated Iverson Methvin's old truck, put it on a car jack, and removed one of its tires. The truck was then strategically placed along the road with the expectation that if Clyde saw Iverson's car pulled to the side, he would then slow down and investigate.

Sure enough, that is exactly what happened. At approximately 9:15 a.m. on May 23, 1934, Clyde was driving a tan Ford V-8 down the road when he spotted Iverson's truck. When he slowed down, the six police officers opened fire. With no advanced warning, Bonnie and Clyde had little time to react. Both Clyde and Bonnie died quickly from over 130 bullets that were fired at the couple. When the shooting ended, the policemen found that the back of Clyde's head had exploded and part of Bonnie's right hand had been shot off.

Both Bonnie and Clyde's bodies were taken back to Dallas where they were put on public view. Large crowds gathered to get a glimpse of the famous pair. Although Bonnie had requested that she be buried with Clyde, they were buried separately in two different cemeteries according to their families' wishes. (from any resources)

02 September 2009

menghindar spyware atau adware

Spyware yang juga dikenal dengan nama "adware", adalah semacam program tersembunyi yang berfungsi mengirim informasi mengenai komputer yang terinfeksi melalui komunikasi internet ke si pembuat spyware ini. Biasanya spyware otomatis ter’install’ di komputer kita secara otomatis akibat kita mendownload software tertentu atau mengklik iklan tertentu dari sebuah situs.

Spyware menjadi berbahaya karena saat ini Spyware tidak hanya sebagai pengirim info tersembunyi saja, tapi juga meng’install’ semacam program khusus yang pada akhirnya si pemilik Spyware bisa memata-matai segala aktivitas yang kita lakukan di internet tanpa sepengetahuan kita. Masalah paling besar dengan Spyware adalah kita tidak tahu akan keberadaannya. Bagaimanapun juga, Spyware ini bekerja secara diam-diam dan mengirimkan informasi tanpa kita ketahui .

Jadi bagaimana yang kita mendapat Spyware pada komputer? Dapatkah secara misterius datang sendiri pada komputer kita dan apakah berbahaya hanya dengan browsing internet. Kenyataannya ini semua tergantung kebiasaan kita browsing karena beberapa situs terkadang memiliki ancaman lebih besar dari yang lainnya.

Masalah utama pada ancaman Spyware adalah berasal dari segala arah, dimana kita sudah merasa terlindungi dengan aman.

Mari kita lihat 7 paling sumber umum dari Spyware dan apa yang kita dapat lakukan untuk melindungi sendiri.

1. Situs File Sharing P2P (peer to peer) file sharing telah tumbuh secara dramatis pada beberapa tahun ini yang biasa disebut Torrent' dimana sebagian orang membagi filennya dengan koneksi peer to peer. Ini adalah tempat sempurna untuk hackers dan mata-mata dan mereka dapat dengan mudah memberikan Spyware kepada jutaan pengguna dengan menyisipkannya pada film, musik atau software.
Pastikan file yang anda download sesuai dengan nama filenya, contoh, mp3 file yang anda download sebaiknya berformat mp3.

2. Download music, film atau software merupakan salah satu risiko serius terutama kalau kita download dari situs yang tidak kita kenal/tidak jelas. Untuk lebih aman, pastikan kita download pada situs yang terkenal dan file yang anda download sesuai dengan tipe file yang anda inginkan, jika dalam bentuk rar/zip sebaiknya anda scan dahulu dengan antivirus anda.

3. Situs dewasa adalah salah satu ancaman yang terbesar dimana mereka akan melakukan segala cara dengan tipu dayanya hingga kita ingin mendaftar dengan menggunakan kartu kredit kita. Mereka kebanyakan memakai iklan untuk menarik kita ke dalam keanggotaan mereka.

4. Hampir setiap situs sekarang memiliki Iklan, Jika kita ingin mengklik suatu iklan pada situs sebaiknya kita lihat dan amati benarkah iklan tersebut merupakan iklan yang sedang kita cari, jangan tertipu dengan iklan yang terkadang berupa tombol OK atau play sehingga kita terkecoh untuk memainkannya, dan ternyata iklan tersebut merupakan pancingan terhadap ancaman selanjutnya.

5. Jika kita memasuki suatu situs baru/yang tidak jelas, sebaikanya kita cek terlebih dahulu, apakah situs tersebut bersih, dengan mengecek pada toolbar Internet Explorer atau pun program browsing kita karena ancaman Spyware pun ada bahkan proses penyebarannya akan lebih cepat dari yang kita bayangkan.
Jika situs menawarkan kita untuk menginstall sesuatu yang tidak jelas, sebaiknya jangan kita install, atau pilih no, jika hanya ada 1 tombol saja. Bergegaslah tekan CTRL + ALT + DELETE dan matikan browser anda dengan cara End process atau End Task atau tekan ALT + F4.

6. Walau freeware dan shareware berada di dalam satu konsep besar, ada beberapa hackers yang melucuti sistem dan menciptakan suatu aplikasi palsu yang berisikan Spyware mereka. Jadi pastikanlah anda hanya mendownload Shareware dan free dari situs besar yang terpecaya seperti Downloads.com , Softpedia,com, Tucows.com , dan sebagainya. Lebih berhati-hati akan mendownload file yang bersifat free

7. Tiap hari kita dibombardir dengan surat sampah (e-mail spam) . Kita semua membenci ini, tapi sekali-sekali ada satu e-mail yang sangat memikat dimana membuat kita penasaran untuk melihatnya. Secepat kita membuka e-mail itu, kita telah terkena ke ancaman dari Spyware. Contoh anda menang undian lotere, silahkan klik dibawah ini , dsb.

Terlepas bebas dari semua potensi sumber Spyware tidak mungking. Tidak ada point untuk online jika kita tidak dapat mengambil bagian dalam segalanya yang ditawarkan. Melindungi sendiri dengan satu antivirus dan satu Spyware remover dapat sangat besar mengurangi risiko anda dan bahkan dapat menghapus habis spyware.